Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
concept of “white-collar” crime was first used by: a. | John Hagan | b. | E.A. Ross | c. | E. Sutherland | d. | S. Wheeler | e. | Tappan | | |
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2.
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The
distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime (two types of white-collar
crime) is that: a. | occupational crime
is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class | b. | occupational crime is committed by the higher class,
organizational crime by the lower class | c. | people commit occupational crime for personal gain, while
organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or
corporation | d. | occupational crime
is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit
organizational crime | e. | a and c | | |
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3.
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Occupational deaths account for _______ more deaths than murders do. a. | 5 times | b. | 10 times | c. | 15 times | d. | 55 times | e. | 100 times | | |
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4.
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The
Johns-Manville case study (asbestos poisoning among workers) is an example of: a. | employers knowingly withholding information from workers
that would protect them or save their lives | b. | corporate concentration | c. | executive disengagement | d. | a criminogenic market | e. | occupational crime | | |
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5.
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The
concept of a “juristic person” refers to: a. | equality before the law | b. | mens rea | c. | a member of the court | d. | the legal principle that businesses are to be treated as
individuals | e. | individualism | | |
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6.
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The
fact that top members of a corporation do not know about the criminal activity engaged in for the
benefit of the corporation is known as: a. | executive disengagement | b. | juristic person | c. | anti-trust violation | d. | criminogenic market | e. | white-collar crime | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following is a feature of a criminogenic market structure? a. | treatment of corporations as juristic
persons | b. | corporate
concentration | c. | executive
disengagement | d. | nature of the
illegal demand | e. | all of the
above | | |
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8.
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Goff
and Reasons (1978) argued that Canada’s parliament enacted anticombines laws
to: a. | protect consumers | b. | increase competition | c. | satisfy the demands of small
businesses | d. | protect government
taxes | e. | a and
b | | |
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9.
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Research by Mann et al. showed that corporate offenders receive relatively light
sentences because: a. | they have done little harm | b. | they have been better lawyers | c. | judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through
apprehension, public indictment, and conviction | d. | judges and corporate executives come from the same
background | e. | all of the
above | | |
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10.
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The
chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients’
accounts. This is an example of: a. | executive disengagement | b. | occupational crime | c. | organizational crime | d. | corporate crime | e. | a and b | | |
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11.
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The
chief marketing officer of a tire-manufacturing corporation meets with his counterpart from a
competitor company and they make a deal to divide up a sales region and fix their prices. This is an
example of a. | executive
disengagement | b. | occupational
crime | c. | organizational
crime | d. | corporate
crime | e. | a and
b | | |
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12.
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Which
is NOT an example of the principle that the organizational form of a corporation is a crucial feature
in understanding most white-collar crime? a. | corporate concentration | b. | juristic person | c. | executive disengagement | d. | sentencing practices | e. | low profit margins | | |
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13.
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Reasons
(1981) estimated that ________ percent of all workplace accidents are due to illegal working
conditions.
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