Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
is NOT true of the Classical School? a. | it was based on social contract
theory | b. | it advocated a
naturalistic understanding of crime | c. | individuals were considered free and
rational | d. | punishment should
fit the criminal | e. | law could and should be used to control
behaviour | | |
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2.
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The
Classical School is associated with: a. | Lombroso | b. | Beccaria | c. | Sutherland | d. | Ferri | e. | Quetelet | | |
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3.
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Which
is NOT true of the Classical School? a. | it advocated due process
safeguards | b. | its theory of
punishment was based on deterrence | c. | it wished to allow discretion for
judges | d. | it believed too
much punishment could be unjust | e. | b and c | | |
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4.
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The
Statistical School is important because: a. | it deals with crime rates rather than individual
offenders | b. | it is
positivistic | c. | it emphasizes the
group nature of crime | d. | it focuses on structural features of
society | e. | all of the
above | | |
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5.
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In
somatotyping the ___________ is believed to be most likely to commit crime. a. | atavist | b. | endomorph | c. | ectomorph | d. | mesomorph | e. | allomorph | | |
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6.
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The
theoretical approach focusing on making criminology scientific, accepting cause-effect relationships,
and open to discovery, is called: a. | enlightenment | b. | a classical approach | c. | positivism | d. | natural science | e. | atavism | | |
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7.
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The
concept of “atavism” shows the influence of: a. | Darwin | b. | Durkheim | c. | Comte | d. | Galileo | e. | Beccaria | | |
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8.
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Which
is NOT a feature of the Positivist School? a. | criminologist should study individual
offenders | b. | punishment should
fit the criminal | c. | crime is caused by factors, which can be
discovered | d. | criminals are
rational choice makers | e. | except for some born criminals, the focus should be on
reform | | |
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9.
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The
Gluecks focused their research on: a. | body types | b. | IQ | c. | atavism | d. | social structure | e. | cognitive styles | | |
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10.
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The
policies in North America which led to the institutionalization of the “mentally retarded”
and often to forced sterilization, were based on theories of: a. | atavism | b. | IQ | c. | body type | d. | heredity | e. | b and d | | |
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11.
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The
idea that crime could be controlled if society could design punishment to fit the criminal is an
influence of the: a. | Positivist
School | b. | Classical
School | c. | Statistical
School | d. | contract
theory | e. | none of the
above | | |
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12.
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Lombroso first postulated two types of criminals: a. | born and occasional | b. | born and criminaloids | c. | occasional and criminaloids | d. | born and criminals of passion | e. | criminally insane and occasional | | |
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13.
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A
criminal type thought to be a throwback to an earlier stage of evolution is known
as: a. | criminaloid | b. | ectomorph | c. | atavistic | d. | endomorph | e. | irrational | | |
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